P.C. Vos, T. Hambrock, C.A. Hulsbergen-van de Kaa, J.J. Fütterer, J.O. Barentsz & H.J. Huisman
A novel automated computerized scheme has been developed for determining a likelihood measure of malignancy for cancer suspicious regions in the prostate based on dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (DCE-MRI) images. Our database consisted of 34 consecutive patients with histologically proven adenocarcinoma in the peripheral zone of the prostate. Both carcinoma and non-malignant tissue were annotated in consensus on MR images by a radiologist and a researcher using whole mount step-section histopathology as standard of reference. The annotations were used as regions of interest (ROIs). A feature set comprising pharmacokinetic parameters and a T1 estimate was extracted from the ROIs to train a support vector machine as classifier. The output of the classifier was used as a measure of likelihood of malignancy. Diagnostic performance of the scheme was evaluated using the area under the ROC curve. The diagnostic accuracy obtained for differentiating prostate cancer from non-malignant disorders in the peripheral zone was 0.83 (0.75-0.92). This suggests that it is feasible to develop a computer aided diagnosis system capable of characterizing prostate cancer in the peripheral zone based on DCE-MRI.